Certified Information Privacy Professional/United States (CIPP/US)
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CIPP-US
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Certified Information Privacy Professional/United States (CIPP/US)
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194 Questions Answers With Explanation
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05, 28, 2026
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IAPP CIPP-US Sample Question Answers
Question # 1
What type of material is exempt from an individual’s right to disclosure under the Privacy
Act?
A. Material requires by statute to be maintained and used solely for research purposes. B. Material reporting investigative efforts to prevent unlawful persecution of an individual. C. Material used to determine potential collaboration with foreign governments in negotiation of trade deals. D. Material reporting investigative efforts pertaining to the enforcement of criminal law.
What important action should a health care provider take if the she wants to qualify for funds under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
(HITECH)?
A. Make electronic health records (EHRs) part of regular care B. Bill the majority of patients electronically for their health care C. Send health information and appointment reminders to patients electronically D. Keep electronic updates about the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Ac
Answer: A Explanation: What funding did the HITECH Act provide healthcare? The Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) was given a budget in excess of $25 billion to achieve the goals of the HITECH Act. The HHS used some of that budget to fund the Meaningful Use program – a program that incentivized care providers to adopt certified EHRs by offering monetary incentives Reference: https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20150304.045199/full/
Question # 3
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Larry has become increasingly dissatisfied with his telemarketing position at SunriseLynx,
and particularly with his supervisor, Evan. Just last week, he overheard Evan mocking the
state’s Do Not Call list, as well as the people on it. “If they were really serious about not
being bothered,” Evan said, “They’d be on the national DNC list. That’s the only one we’re
required to follow. At SunriseLynx, we call until they ask us not to.”
Bizarrely, Evan requires telemarketers to keep records of recipients who ask them to call “another time.” This, to Larry, is a clear indication that they don’t want to be called at all.
Evan doesn’t see it that way.
Larry believes that Evan’s arrogance also affects the way he treats employees. The U.S.
Constitution protects American workers, and Larry believes that the rights of those at
SunriseLynx are violated regularly. At first Evan seemed friendly, even connecting with
employees on social media. However, following Evan’s political posts, it became clear to
Larry that employees with similar affiliations were the only ones offered promotions.
Further, Larry occasionally has packages containing personal-use items mailed to work.
Several times, these have come to him already opened, even though this name was clearly
marked. Larry thinks the opening of personal mail is common at SunriseLynx, and that
Fourth Amendment rights are being trampled under Evan’s leadership.
Larry has also been dismayed to overhear discussions about his coworker, Sadie.
Telemarketing calls are regularly recorded for quality assurance, and although Sadie is
always professional during business, her personal conversations sometimes contain sexual
comments. This too is something Larry has heard Evan laughing about. When he
mentioned this to a coworker, his concern was met with a shrug. It was the coworker’s
belief that employees agreed to be monitored when they signed on. Although personal
devices are left alone, phone calls, emails and browsing histories are all subject to
surveillance. In fact, Larry knows of one case in which an employee was fired after an
undercover investigation by an outside firm turned up evidence of misconduct. Although the
employee may have stolen from the company, Evan could have simply contacted the
authorities when he first suspected something amiss.
Larry wants to take action, but is uncertain how to proceed.
In regard to telemarketing practices, Evan the supervisor has a misconception regarding?
A. The conditions under which recipients can opt out B. The wishes of recipients who request callbacks C. The right to monitor calls for quality assurance D. The relationship of state law to federal law
Answer: B
Question # 4
Which of the following best describes how federal anti-discrimination laws protect the
privacy of private-sector employees in the United States?
A. They prescribe working environments that are safe and comfortable. B. They limit the amount of time a potential employee can be interviewed. C. They promote a workforce of employees with diverse skills and interests. D. They limit the types of information that employers can collect about employees.
Answer: D
Question # 5
Although an employer may have a strong incentive or legal obligation to monitor
employees’ conduct or behavior, some excessive monitoring may be considered an intrusion on employees’ privacy? Which of the following is the strongest example of
excessive monitoring by the employer?
A. An employer who installs a video monitor in physical locations, such as a warehouse, to ensure employees are performing tasks in a safe manner and environment. B. An employer who installs data loss prevention software on all employee computers to limit transmission of confidential company information. C. An employer who installs video monitors in physical locations, such as a changing room, to reduce the risk of sexual harassment. D. An employer who records all employee phone calls that involve financial transactions with customers completed over the phone.
Answer: C
Question # 6
Under state breach notification laws, which is NOT typically included in the definition of
personal information?
A. State identification number B. First and last name C. Social Security number D. Medical Information
Why was the Privacy Protection Act of 1980 drafted?
A. To respond to police searches of newspaper facilities B. To assist prosecutors in civil litigation against newspaper companies C. To assist in the prosecution of white-collar crimes D. To protect individuals from personal privacy invasion by the police
Answer: A Explanation: the PPA protects individuals; however, the PPA was drafted in direct response to the Zurcher decision: In 1978, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of Zurcher v. Stanford Daily that law enforcement could obtain search warrants to search newsrooms for evidence related to criminal activities. This decision raised concerns that such searches could impede the ability of journalists to do their jobs and gather information without fear of government interference. Reference: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context= nulr
Question # 8
Once a breach has been definitively established, which task should be prioritized next?
A. Involving law enforcement and state Attorneys General. B. Determining what was responsible for the breach and neutralizing the threat. C. Providing notice to the affected parties so they can take precautionary measures. D. Implementing remedial measures and evaluating how to prevent future breaches.
Answer: B Explanation: IAPP Book, Section 7.4, second step. Forward looking changes are in the fourth step
Question # 9
What practice does the USA FREEDOM Act NOT authorize?
A. Emergency exceptions that allows the government to target roamers B. An increase in the maximum penalty for material support to terrorism C. An extension of the expiration for roving wiretaps D. The bulk collection of telephone data and internet metadata
Answer: D Explanation: "The USA FREEDOM Act ended bulk collection conducted under Section 215.154 Going forward, requests by government officials must be based upon specific selectors, such as a telephone number. Company officials are now permitted to release statistics about the number of such requests they receive in a given time period, and the government is required to report its numbers once a year.155 In 2018, government officials obtained 56 court orders for traditional business records and 14 court orders for call detail records.156" Reference: https://www.rand.org/blog/2015/05/the-usa-freedom-act-the-definition-of-acompromise.html
Question # 10
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Declan has just started a job as a nursing assistant in a radiology department at Woodland
Hospital. He has also started a program to become a registered nurse.
Before taking this career path, Declan was vaguely familiar with the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). He now knows that he must help ensure the
security of his patients’ Protected Health Information (PHI). Therefore, he is thinking
carefully about privacy issues.
On the morning of his first day, Declan noticed that the newly hired receptionist handed
each patient a HIPAA privacy notice. He wondered if it was necessary to give these privacy
notices to returning patients, and if the radiology department could reduce paper waste
through a system of one-time distribution.
He was also curious about the hospital’s use of a billing company. He Questioned whether
the hospital was doing all it could to protect the privacy of its patients if the billing company
had details about patients’ care.
On his first day Declan became familiar with all areas of the hospital’s large radiology
department. As he was organizing equipment left in the halfway, he overheard a
conversation between two hospital administrators. He was surprised to hear that a portable
hard drive containing non-encrypted patient information was missing. The administrators expressed relief that the hospital would be able to avoid liability. Declan was surprised, and
wondered whether the hospital had plans to properly report what had happened.
Despite Declan’s concern about this issue, he was amazed by the hospital’s effort to
integrate Electronic Health Records (EHRs) into the everyday care of patients. He thought
about the potential for streamlining care even more if they were accessible to all medical
facilities nationwide.
Declan had many positive interactions with patients. At the end of his first day, he spoke to
one patient, John, whose father had just been diagnosed with a degenerative muscular
disease. John was about to get blood work done, and he feared that the blood work could
reveal a genetic predisposition to the disease that could affect his ability to obtain
insurance coverage. Declan told John that he did not think that was possible, but the
patient was wheeled away before he could explain why. John plans to ask a colleague
about this.
In one month, Declan has a paper due for one his classes on a health topic of his choice.
By then, he will have had many interactions with patients he can use as examples. He will
be pleased to give credit to John by name for inspiring him to think more carefully about
genetic testing.
Although Declan’s day ended with many Questions, he was pleased about his new
position.
Based on the scenario, what is the most likely way Declan’s supervisor would answer his
question about the hospital’s use of a billing company?
A. By suggesting that Declan look at the hospital’s publicly posted privacy policy B. By assuring Declan that third parties are prevented from seeing Private Health Information (PHI) C. By pointing out that contracts are in place to help ensure the observance of minimum security standards D. By describing how the billing system is integrated into the hospital’s electronic health records (EHR) system
Answer: C
Question # 11
Which of the following is most likely to provide privacy protection to private-sector
employees in the United States?
A. State law, contract law, and tort law B. The Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC Act) C. Amendments one, four, and five of the U.S. Constitution D. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA), what is the most
appropriate action for a car dealer holding a paper folder of customer credit reports?
A. To follow the Disposal Rule by having the reports shredded B. To follow the Red Flags Rule by mailing the reports to customers C. To follow the Privacy Rule by notifying customers that the reports are being stored D. To follow the Safeguards Rule by transferring the reports to a secure electronic file
Answer: A Explanation: "The Disposal Rule requires any individual or entity that uses a consumer report, or information derived from a consumer report, for a business purpose to dispose of that consumer information in a way that prevents unauthorized access and misuse of the data. Consumer reports can be electronic or written. The rule applies to both small and large organizations, including consumer reporting agencies, lenders, employers, insurers, landlords, car dealers, attorneys, debt collectors, and government agencies." and "Examples of acceptable, reasonable measures include developing and complying with policies to: Burn, pulverize or shred papers containing consumer report information so that the information cannot be read or reconstructed Destroy or erase electronic files or media containing consumer report information so that the information cannot be read or reconstructed Conduct due diligence and hire a document destruction contractor to dispose of material specifically identified as consumer report information consistent with the rule"
Question # 13
A covered entity suffers a ransomware attack that affects the personal health information
(PHI) of more than 500 individuals. According to Federal law under HIPAA, which of the
following would the covered entity NOT have to report the breach to?
A. Department of Health and Human Services B. The affected individuals C. The local media D. Medical providers
Under the Driver’s Privacy Protection Act (DPPA), which of the following parties would
require consent of an individual in order to obtain his or her Department of Motor Vehicle
information?
A. Law enforcement agencies performing investigations. B. Insurance companies needing to investigate claims. C. Attorneys gathering information related to lawsuits . D. Marketers wishing to distribute bulk materials.
Which of the following best describes private-sector workplace monitoring in the United
A. Employers have broad authority to monitor their employees B. U.S. federal law restricts monitoring only to industries for which it is necessary C. Judgments in private lawsuits have severely limited the monitoring of employees D. Most employees are protected from workplace monitoring by the U.S. Constitution
John, a California resident, receives notification that a major corporation with $500 million
in annual revenue has experienced a data breach. John’s personal information in their
possession has been stolen, including his full name and social security numb. John also
learns that the corporation did not have reasonable cybersecurity measures in place to
safeguard his personal information.
Which of the following answers most accurately reflects John’s ability to pursue a legal
claim against the corporation under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)?
A. John has no right to sue the corporation because the CCPA does not address any data breach rights. B. John cannot sue the corporation for the data breach because only the state’s Attoney General has authority to file suit under the CCPA. C. John can sue the corporation for the data breach but only to recover monetary damages he actually suffered as a result of the data breach. D. John can sue the corporation for the data breach to recover monetary damages suffered as a result of the data breach, and in some circumstances seek statutory damages irrespective of whether he suffered any financial harm.
Answer: D Explanation: California Code, Civil Code Section 1798.150(a)(1))
Question # 17
What consumer service was the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) originally intended to
provide?
A. The ability to receive reports from multiple credit reporting agencies. B. The ability to appeal negative credit-based decisions. C. The ability to correct inaccurate credit information. D. The ability to investigate incidents of identity theft.
Answer: C Explanation: , "..Specifically, FCRA mandates accurate and relevant data collection, provides consumers with the ability to access and correct their information, and limits the use of consumer reports to defined permissible purposes".
Question # 18
In a case of civil litigation, what might a defendant who is being sued for distributing an
employee’s private information face?
A. Probation. B. Criminal fines. C. An injunction. D. A jail sentence.
Answer: C
Question # 19
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION
Otto is preparing a report to his Board of Directors at Filtration Station, where he is
responsible for the privacy program. Filtration Station is a U.S. company that sells filters
and tubing products to pharmaceutical companies for research use. The company is based
in Seattle, Washington, with offices throughout the U.S. and Asia. It sells to business
customers across both the U.S. and the Asia-Pacific region. Filtration Station participates in
the Cross-Border Privacy Rules system of the APEC Privacy Framework.
Unfortunately, Filtration Station suffered a data breach in the previous quarter. An unknown
third party was able to gain access to Filtration Station’s network and was able to steal data
relating to employees in the company’s Human Resources database, which is hosted by a
third-party cloud provider based in the U.S. The HR data is encrypted. Filtration Station
also uses the third-party cloud provider to host its business marketing contact database.
The marketing database was not affected by the data breach. It appears that the data
breach was caused when a system administrator at the cloud provider stored the
encryption keys with the data itself.
The Board has asked Otto to provide information about the data breach and how updates
on new developments in privacy laws and regulations apply to Filtration Station. They are
particularly concerned about staying up to date on the various U.S. state laws and regulations that have been in the news, especially the California Consumer Privacy Act
(CCPA) and breach notification requirements.
What can Otto do to most effectively minimize the privacy risks involved in using a cloud
provider for the HR data?
A. Request that the Board sign off in a written document on the choice of cloud provider. B. Ensure that the cloud provider abides by the contractual requirements by conducting an on-site audit. C. Obtain express consent from employees for storing the HR data in the cloud and keep a record of the employee consents. D. Negotiate a Business Associate Agreement with the cloud provider to protect any health-related data employees might share with Filtration Station.
Answer: B
Question # 20
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION
When there was a data breach involving customer personal and financial information at a
large retail store, the company’s directors were shocked. However, Roberta, a privacy
analyst at the company and a victim of identity theft herself, was not. Prior to the breach,
she had been working on a privacy program report for the executives. How the company
shared and handled data across its organization was a major concern. There were neither
adequate rules about access to customer information nor
procedures for purging and destroying outdated data. In her research, Roberta had
discovered that even low- level employees had access to all of the company’s customer
data, including financial records, and that the company still had in its possession obsolete
customer data going back to the 1980s.
Her report recommended three main reforms. First, permit access on an as-needs-to-know
basis. This would mean restricting employees’ access to customer information to data that
was relevant to the work performed. Second, create a highly secure database for storing
customers’ financial information (e.g., credit card and bank account numbers) separate
from less sensitive information. Third, identify outdated customer information and then
develop a process for securely disposing of it.
When the breach occurred, the company’s executives called Roberta to a meeting where
she presented the recommendations in her report. She explained that the company having
a national customer base meant it would have to ensure that it complied with all relevant
state breach notification laws. Thanks to Roberta’s guidance, the company was able to
notify customers quickly and within the specific timeframes set by state breach notification
laws.
Soon after, the executives approved the changes to the privacy program that Roberta
recommended in her report. The privacy program is far more effective now because of
these changes and, also, because privacy and security are now considered the responsibility of every employee.
Which principle of the Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights, if adopted, would best reform the
company’s privacy program?
A. Consumers have a right to exercise control over how companies use their personal data. B. Consumers have a right to reasonable limits on the personal data that a company retains. C. Consumers have a right to easily accessible information about privacy and security practices. D. Consumers have a right to correct personal data in a manner that is appropriate to the sensitivity.
Answer: B
Question # 21
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
A US-based startup company is selling a new gaming application. One day, the CEO of the
company receives an urgent letter from a prominent EU-based retail partner. Triggered by
an unresolved complaint lodged by an EU resident, the letter describes an ongoing
investigation by a supervisory authority into the retailer’s data handling practices.
The complainant accuses the retailer of improperly disclosing her personal data, without
consent, to parties in the United States. Further, the complainant accuses the EU-based
retailer of failing to respond to her withdrawal of consent and request for erasure of her
personal data. Your organization, the US-based startup company, was never informed of
this request for erasure by the EU-based retail partner. The supervisory authority
investigating the complaint has threatened the suspension of data flows if the parties
involved do not cooperate with the investigation. The letter closes with an urgent request:
“Please act immediately by identifying all personal data received from our company.”
This is an important partnership. Company executives know that its biggest fans come from
Western Europe; and this retailer is primarily responsible for the startup’s rapid market
penetration.
As the Company’s data privacy leader, you are sensitive to the criticality of the relationship
with the retailer.
Under the GDPR, the complainant’s request regarding her personal information is known
as what?
A. Right of Access B. Right of Removal C. Right of Rectification D. Right to Be Forgotten
Answer: B
Question # 22
What information did the Red Flag Program Clarification Act of 2010 add to the original
Red Flags rule?
A. The most common methods of identity theft. B. The definition of what constitutes a creditor. C. The process for proper disposal of sensitive data. D. The components of an identity theft detection program.
What practice do courts commonly require in order to protect certain personal information
on documents, whether paper or electronic, that is involved in litigation?
A. Redaction B. Encryption C. Deletion D. Hashing
Answer: A
Question # 24
Which of the following conditions would NOT be sufficient to excuse an entity from
providing breach notification under state law?
A. If the data involved was encrypted. B. If the data involved was accessed but not exported. C. If the entity was subject to the GLBA Safeguards Rule. D. If the entity followed internal notification procedures compatible with state law.
Answer: C Explanation: While compliance with the Safeguards Rule helps in preventing breaches and ensuring data security, it does not necessarily exempt an entity from having to provide breach notifications as required by state laws. State breach notification laws typically have their own criteria for when notification is required, which may include factors like the type of data compromised, the potential risk of harm to individuals, and other circumstances surrounding the breach. While following the GLBA Safeguards Rule may demonstrate a commitment to data security, it doesn't automatically override the notification obligations imposed by state laws when a data breach occurs.
Question # 25
In which situation would a policy of “no consumer choice” or “no option” be expected?
A. When a job applicant’s credit report is provided to an employer B. When a customer’s financial information is requested by the government C. When a patient’s health record is made available to a pharmaceutical company D. When a customer’s street address is shared with a shipping company
Answer: D Explanation: “For example, a consumer who orders a product online expects their personal information to be shared with the shipping company, the credit card processor, and others who are engaged in fulfilling the transactions. The consumer does not expect to have to sign an opt-in or be offered an opt-out option for the shipping company to learn the address” Excerpt From IAPP_US_TB_US-Private-Sector-Privacy-3E_1.0 Reference: https://privacyproficient.com/what-is-no-option-or-no-consumer-choice/
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