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HashiCorp VA-002-P Sample Question Answers
Question # 1
You've logged into the Vault CLI and attempted to enable an auth method, but received this errormessage. What can be done to resolve the error and configure Vault?Error enabling userpass auth: Post https:/.0.0.1:8200/v1/sys/auth/userpass: http: server gaveHTTP response to HTTPS client
A. change 'userpass' to 'username and password' B. restart the Vault service on this node C. set the VAULT_ADDR environment variable to HTTP D. ask an admin to grant you permission to enable the userpass auth method
Answer: C
Explanation:
If you're running Vault in a non-prod environment, you can configure Vault to disable TLS.
In this case, TLS has been disabled but the default value for VAULT_ADDR is https:/.0.0.1:8200,
therefore Vault is sending the request over HTTPS but Vault is responding using HTTP since TLS is
disabled.
To handle this error, set the VAULT_ADDR environment variable to "http:/.0.0.1:8200"
Question # 2
By default, the max TTL for a token is how many days?
A. 14 days B. 32 days C. 31 days D. 7 days
Answer: B
Explanation:
The system max TTL, which is 32 days but can be changed in Vault's configuration file.
The max TTL set on a mount using mount tuning. This value is allowed to override the system max
TTL -- it can be longer or shorter, and if set this value will be respected.
A value suggested by the auth method that issued the token. This might be configured on a per-role,
per-group, or per-user basis. This value is allowed to be less than the mount max TTL (or, if not set,
the system max TTL), but it is not allowed to be longer.
After encrypting data using the transit secrets engine, you've received the following output. Which ofthe following is true based upon the output?1. Key Value2. --- -----3. ciphertext vault:v2:45f9zW6cglbrzCjI0yCyC6DBYtSBSxnMgUn9B5aHcGEit71xefPEmmjMbrk3
A. the original encryption key has been rotated at least once B. this is the second version of the encrypted data C. similar to the KV secrets engine, the transit secrets engine was enabled using the transit v2 option D. the data is stored in Vault using a KV v2 secrets engine
Answer: A
Explanation:
When data is encrypted using Vault, the resulting ciphertext is prepended by the version of the key
used to encrypt it. In this case, the version is v2, which means that the encryption key was rotated at
least one time. Any data that was encrypted with the original key would have been prepended with
vault:v1
To rotate a key, use the command vault write -f transit/keys/<key name>/rotate
In regards to the transit secrets engine, which of the following is true given the following commandand output: (select three)1. $ vault write encryption/encrypt/creditcard plaintext=$(base64 <<< "1234 5678 9101 1121")2. Key Value3. --- -----4. ciphertext vault:v3:cZNHVx+sxdMErXRSuDa1q/pz49fXTn1PScKfhf+PIZPvy8xKfkytpwKcbC0fF2U=
A. there are at least three data keys associated with this keyring B. the name of the keyring used to encrypt the data is creditcard C. the data was written to the encryption path, which is provided by default when enabling thetransit secrets engine D. the transit secrets engine is mounted at the encryption path
Answer: A, B, D
Explanation:
The encryption key used to encrypt the plaintext is regarded as a data key. This data key needs to be
protected so that your encrypted data cannot be decrypted comfortably by an unauthorized party. In
this case, data has been encrypted by specifying the keyring name creditcard
Question # 5
Complete the following sentence:
The terraform state command can be used to ____
A. view the entire state file B. modify the current state, such as removing items C. refresh the existing state D. there is no such command
Answer: B Explanation: The terraform state command is used for advanced state management. Rather than modify the state directly, the terraform state commands can be used in many cases instead. https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/state/index.html
Question # 6
A user creates three workspaces from the command line - prod, dev, and test. Which of the following
commands will the user run to switch to the dev workspace?
A. terraform workspace select dev B. terraform workspace -switch dev C. terraform workspace dev D. terraform workspace switch dev
From the unseal options listed below, select the options you can use if you're deploying Vault onpremises.(select four)
A. transit B. AWS KMS C. certificates D. key shards E. HSM PKCS11
Answer: A, B, D, E
Explanation:
Certificates are not a valid unseal option for HashiCorp Vault.
Question # 8
In terraform, most resource dependencies are handled automatically. Which of the following
statements describes best how terraform resource dependencies are handled?
A. The terraform binary contains a built-in reference map of all defined Terraform resource dependencies. Updates to this dependency map are reflected in terraform versions. To ensure you are working with the latest resource dependency map you much be running the latest version of Terraform. B. Terraform analyses any expressions within a resource block to find references to other objects and treats those references as implicit ordering requirements when creating, updating, or destroying resources. C. Resource dependencies are identified and maintained in a file called resource. dependencies. Each terraform provider is required to maintain a list of all resource dependencies for the provider and it's included with the plugin during initialization when terraform init is executed. The file is located in the terraform.d folder. D. Resource dependencies are handled automatically by the depends_on meta_argument, which is set to true by default.
Answer: B Explanation: Terraform analyses any expressions within a resource block to find references to other objects and treats those references as implicit ordering requirements when creating, updating, or destroying resources. https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/resources.html
Question # 9
How can Vault be used to programmatically obtain a generated code for MFA, somewhat similar toGoogle Authenticator?
A. cubbyhole B. the identity secrets engine C. TOTP secrets engine D. the random byte generator
Answer: C
Explanation:
The TOTP secrets engine generates time-based credentials according to the TOTP standard. The
secrets engine can also be used to generate a new key and validate passwords generated by that key
The TOTP secrets engine can act as both a generator (like Google Authenticator) and a provider (like
the Google.com sign-in service).
As a Generator
The TOTP secrets engine can act as a TOTP code generator. In this mode, it can replace traditional
TOTP generators like Google Authenticator. It provides an added layer of security since the ability to
generate codes is guarded by policies and the entire process is audited.
A user has created a module called "my_test_module" and committed it to GitHub. Over time,
several commits have been made with updates to the module, each tagged in GitHub with an
incremental version number. Which of the following lines would be required in a module
configuration block in terraform to select tagged version v1.0.4?
A. source = "git::https://wpexpertsupport.com/my_test_module.git#tag=v1.0.4" B. source = "git::https://wpexpertsupport.com/my_test_module.git@tag=v1.0.4" C. source = "git::https://wpexpertsupport.com/my_test_module.git?ref=v1.0.4" D. source = "git::https://wpexpertsupport.com/my_test_module.git&ref=v1.0.4"
The following is a snippet from a Terraform configuration file:
1. provider "aws" {
2. region = "us-east-1"
3. }
4. provider "aws" {
5. region = "us-west-1"
6. }
which, when validated, results in the following error:-
1. Error: Duplicate provider configuration
2.
3. on main.tf line 5:
4. 5: provider "aws" {
5.
6. A default provider configuration for "aws" was already given at
7. main.tf:1,1-15. If multiple configurations are required, set the "______"
8. argument for alternative configurations.
Fill in the blank in the error message with the correct string from the list below.
A. a process that registers services with Consul B. an agent that runs in the background to provide additional features for Consul C. the core process of Consul which maintains membership information, manages services, runschecks, responds to queries, and more. D. a daemon that Vault uses to register auth methods across all of its clusters to ensure consistencyamong the data written to dis
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Consul agent is the core Consul process that runs the Consul service. Everything Consul does is
the result of the Consul agent, which can run in either server or client mode.
When using providers that require the retrieval of data, such as the HashiCorp Vault provider, in what
phase does Terraform actually retrieve the data required?
A. terraform apply B. terraform plan C. terraform init D. terraform delete
Answer: B Explanation: It is important to consider that Terraform reads from data sources during the plan phase and writes the result into the plan. For something like a Vault token which has an explicit TTL, the apply must be run before the data, or token, in this case, expires, otherwise, Terraform will fail during the apply phase.
Question # 15
When registering a plugin with Vault, where would you configure the location where the binaries arelocated in order for Vault to properly register the plugin?
A. in the Vault configuration file using plugin_directory=<path> B. in the UI underneath the plugin tab C. in the plugin configuration file using directory=<path> D. within the CLI command when registering a plug
Answer: A
Explanation:
The plugin directory is a configuration option of Vault, and can be specified in the configuration file.
This setting specifies a directory in which all plugin binaries must live; this value cannot be a symbolic
link. A plugin can not be added to Vault unless it exists in the plugin directory. There is no default for
this configuration option, and if it is not set plugins can not be added to Vault.
A user has created three workspaces using the command line - prod, dev, and test. The user wants to
create a fourth workspace named stage. Which command will the user execute to accomplish this?
A. terraform workspace -new stage B. terraform workspace -create stage C. terraform workspace create stage D. terraform workspace new stage
Terraform Enterprise (also referred to as pTFE) requires what type of backend database for a
clustered deployment?
A. Cassandra B. MSSQL C. PostgreSQL D. MySQL
Answer: C Explanation: External Services mode stores the majority of the stateful data used by the instance in an external PostgreSQL database and an external S3-compatible endpoint or Azure blob storage. There are still critical data stored on the instance that must be managed with snapshots. Be sure to check the PostgreSQL Requirements for information that needs to be present for Terraform Enterprise to work. This option is best for users with expertise managing PostgreSQL or users that have access to managed PostgreSQL offerings like AWS RDS
Question # 18
Provider dependencies are created in several different ways. Select the valid provider dependencies
from the following list: (select three)
A. Use of any resource belonging to a particular provider in a resource or data block in the configuration. B. Existence of any provider plugins found locally in the working directory. C. Explicit use of a provider block in configuration, optionally including a version constraint. D. Existence of any resource instance belonging to a particular provider in the current state.
Answer: A, C, D Explanation: The existence of a provider plugin found locally in the working directory does not itself create a provider dependency. The plugin can exist without any reference to it in the terraform configuration. https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/providers.html
Question # 19
Which of the following policies would permit a user to generate dynamic credentials on a database?
The HTTP request is a GET which corresponds to a read capability. Thus, to grant access to generate
database credentials, the policy would grant read access on the appropriate path.
Question # 20
You are deploying Vault in a local data center, but want to be sure you have a secondary cluster in theevent the primary cluster goes offline. In the secondary data center, you have applications that arerunning, as they are architected to run active/active. Which type of replication would be best in thisscenario?
A. disaster recovery replication B. single-node replication C. performance replication D. end-to-end replication
Answer: C
Explanation:
In this scenario, the key to answering is that there are applications actively running the secondary
data center. Because of this, you can deploy Performance Replication and the applications can now
use the Vault cluster in their respective data center. This reduces network latency for your
applications and provides you with a secondary cluster for redundancy.
Question # 21
Which of the following terraform subcommands could be used to remove the lock on the state for
the current configuration?
A. unlock B. Removing the lock on a state file is not possible C. force-unlock D. state-unlock
Answer: C Explanation: terraform force-unlock removes the lock on the state for the current configuration.
Question # 22
Complete the following sentence:
For the local state, the workspaces are stored directly in a...
A. a file called terraform.tfstate B. directory called terraform.workspaces.tfstate C. directory called terraform.tfstate.d D. a file called terraform.tfstate.backup
Terraform Cloud is more powerful when you integrate it with your version control system (VCS)
provider. Select all the supported VCS providers from the answers below. (select four)
A. CVS Version Control B. GitHub Enterprise C. Bitbucket Cloud D. Azure DevOps Server E. GitHub
Answer: B, C, D, E Explanation: Terraform Cloud supports the following VCS providers: - GitHub - GitHub.com (OAuth) - GitHub Enterprise - GitLab.com - GitLab EE and CE - Bitbucket Cloud - Bitbucket Server - Azure DevOps Server - Azure DevOps Services https://www.terraform.io/docs/cloud/vcs/index.html#supported-vcs-providers
Question # 24
When writing the Terraform code, HashiCorp recommends that you use how many spaces between
each nesting level?
A. 2 B. 5 C. 4 D. 1
Answer: A Explanation: HashiCorp style conventions state that you should use 2 spaces between each nesting level to improve the readability of Terraform configurations.
Question # 25
A "backend" in Terraform determines how the state is loaded and how an operation such as apply is
executed. Which of the following is not a supported backend type?
A. terraform enterprise B. s3 C. github D. consul E. artifactory
