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HashiCorp VA-002-P Sample Question Answers
Question # 1
In regards to using a K/V v2 secrets engine, select the three correct statements below: (select three)
A. issuing a vault kv destroy statement permanently deletes a single version of a secret B. issuing a vault kv destroy statement deletes all versions of a secret C. issuing a vault kv delete statement permanently deletes the secret D. issuing a vault kv metadata delete statement permanently deletes the secret E. issuing a vault kv delete statement performs a soft delete
Answer: A, D, E
Explanation:
The kv delete command is like a soft delete which deletes the data for the provided path in the
key/value secrets engine. If using K/V Version 2, its versioned data will not be fully removed, but
marked as deleted and will no longer be available for normal get requests.
The kv destroy command permanently removes the specified versions' data from the key/value
secrets engine. If no key exists at the path, no action is taken. It does not deletes all versions of a
secret.
The kv metadata delete command deletes all versions and metadata for the provided key
Question # 2
True or False: When encrypting data with the transit secrets engine, Vault always stores theciphertext in a dedicated KV store along with the associated encryption key.
A. False B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
Vault doesn't store the data sent to the secrets engine.
The transit secrets engine handles cryptographic functions on data-in-transit. It can also be viewed
as "cryptography as a service" or "encryption as a service". The transit secrets engine can also sign
and verify data; generate hashes and HMACs of data; and act as a source of random bytes.
From the options below, select the benefits of using a batch token over a service token. (select three)
A. no storage cost for token creation B. lightweight and scalable C. can be a root token D. used for ephemeral, high-performance workloads E. has accessors
Answer: A, B, D
Explanation:
Service Tokens
Service tokens are what users will generally think of as "normal" Vault tokens. They support all
features, such as renewal, revocation, creating child tokens, and more. They are correspondingly
heavyweight to create and track.
Batch Tokens
Batch tokens are encrypted blobs that carry enough information for them to be used for Vault
actions, but they require no storage on disk to track them. As a result, they are extremely lightweight
and scalable but lack most of the flexibility and features of service tokens.
What type of policy is shown below?1. key_prefix "vault/" {2. policy = "write"3. }4. node_prefix "" {5. policy = "write"6. }7. service "vault" {8. policy = "write"9. }10. agent_prefix "" {11. policy = "write"12. }13. session_prefix "" {14. policy = "write"15. }
A. Vault policy allowing access to certain paths B. Consul ACL policy for a Vault node C. Consul configuration policy to enable Consul features D. Vault token policy is written for a user
Answer: B
Explanation:
If using ACLs in Consul, you'll need appropriate permissions. For Consul 0.8, these policies will work
for most use-cases, assuming that your service name is vault and the prefix being used is
vault/Consul ACLs should always be enabled when using Consul as a storage backend. This policy
allows Vault to communicate to the required services hosted on Consul.
From the options below, select the benefits of using the PKI (certificates) secrets engine: (selectthree)
A. TTLs on Vault certs are longer to ensure certificates are valid for a longer period of time B. Vault can act as an intermediate CA C. reducing, or eliminating certificate revocations D. reduces time to get a certificate by eliminating the need to generate a private key and CSR
Setting a parameter with a value of the empty list allows the parameter to contain any value.
Setting a parameter with a value of a populated list allows the parameter to contain only those
values.
If any keys are specified, all non-specified parameters will be denied unless the parameter "*" is set
to an empty array, which will allow all other parameters to be modified. Parameters with specific
values will still be restricted to those values.
Question # 7
By default, how long does the transit secrets engine store the resulting ciphertext?
A. 24 hours B. 32 days C. transit does not store data D. 30 days
Answer: C
Explanation:
Vault does NOT store any data encrypted via the transit/encrypt endpoint. The output you received is
the ciphertext. You can store this ciphertext at the desired location (e.g. MySQL database) or pass it
to another application
Question # 8
What is the proper command to enable the AWS secrets engine at the default path?
A. vault enable secrets aws B. vault secrets aws enable C. vault secrets enable aws D. vault enable aws secrets engine
Answer: C
Explanation:
The command format for enabling Vault features is vault <feature> <enable/disable> <name>,
therefore the correct answer would be vault secrets enable aws
Question # 9
Beyond encryption and decryption of data, which of the following is not a function of the Vaulttransit secrets engine?
A. generate hashes and HMACs of data B. sign and verify data C. act as a source of random bytes D. store the encrypted data securely in Vault for retrieval
Answer: D
Explanation:
Vault doesn't store the data sent to the secrets engine.
The transit secrets engine handles cryptographic functions on data-in-transit. It can also be viewed as
"cryptography as a service" or "encryption as a service". The transit secrets engine can also sign and
verify data; generate hashes and HMACs of data; and act as a source of random bytes.
Question # 10
Given the policy below, what would the user be able to access?1. path "*" {2. capabilities = ["create", "update", "read", "list", "delete", "sudo"]3. }
A. anything they want to within Vault B. ability to enable a secret engine at the path * C. only make changes to policies D. nothing, since the policy doesn't specify any specific paths
Answer: A
Explanation:
All interactions with Vault are done through its pathing structure. If you create a policy with a
wildcard, you are giving them access to any path within Vault
Question # 11
deploying your Vault cluster, and running vault operator init, Vault responds with an error and cannotbe unsealed.You've determined that the subnet you've deployed Vault into doesn't have internet access. Whatcan you do to enable Vault to communicate with AWS KMS in the most secure way
A. ask the networking team to provide Vault with inbound access from the internet B. deploy Vault in a public subnet and provide the Vault nodes with public IP addre C. add a VPC endpoint D. change the permissions on the Internet Gateway to allow the Vault nodes to communicate overthe Internet
Answer: C
Explanation:
In this particular question, a VPC endpoint can provide private connectivity to an AWS service
without having to traverse the public internet. This way you hit a private endpoint for the service
rather than connecting to the public endpoint.
This is more of an AWS-type question, but the underlying premise still holds regardless of where your
Vault cluster is deployed. If you use a public cloud KMS solution, such as AWS KMS, Azure Key Vault,
GCP Cloud KMS, or AliCloud KMS, your Vault cluster will need the ability to communicate with that
service to unseal its
Question # 12
True or False:Similar to how Vault works with databases and cloud providers, the Active Directory secrets enginedynamically generates the account and password for the requesting Vault client.
A. False B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Active Directory secrets engine rotates Active Directory passwords dynamically. It does not,
however, dynamically generate the AD account. The AD account must exist prior to configuring it in
Vault. If it does not, the configuration will fail, stating that the account doesn't exist.
f a client is currently assigned the following policy, what additional policy can be added to ensurethey cannot access the data stored at secret/apps/confidential but still, read all other secrets?
"Deny" capability generally takes precedence over "allow" capability.
Therefore, if you add the correct deny statement, the user will be able to read all secrets except for
the data stored at secret/apps/confidential
Question # 14
True or False:When using the transit secrets engine, setting the min_decryption_version will determine theminimum key length of the data key (i.e., 2048, 4096, etc.)
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Transit engine supports the versioning of keys. Key versions that are earlier than a key's specified
min_decryption_version gets archived, and the rest of the key versions belong to the working set.
This is a performance consideration to keep key loading fast, as well as a security consideration: by
disallowing decryption of old versions of keys, found ciphertext corresponding to obsolete (but
sensitive) data can not be decrypted by most users, but in an emergency, the
min_decryption_version can be moved back to allow for legitimate decryption.
Wildcards and path segments can be used to allow access to a broader set of secrets rather than
having to call out each individual secret itself. None of the other policies will allow a client to actually
read the data stored at the path secrets/applications/app01/api_key
Question # 16
You've set up multiple Vault clusters, one on-premises which is intended to be the primary cluster,and the second cluster in AWS, which was deployed to be used for performance replication. Afterenabling replication, developers complain that all the data they've stored in the AWS Vault cluster ismissing. What happened?
A. the data was moved to a recovery path after replication was enabled. Use the vault secrets movecommand to move the data back to its intended location B. there is a certificate mismatch after replication was enabled since Vault replication generates itsown TLS certificates to ensure nodes are trusted entitie C. the data was automatically copied to the primary cluster after replication was enabled since allwrites are always forwarded to the primary cluster D. all of the data on the secondary cluster was deleted after replication was enabled
Answer: D
Explanation:
Replication relies on having a shared keyring between primary and secondaries and a shared
understanding of the data store state.
As soon as replication is enabled, all of the secondary's existing data will be destroyed, which is
irrevocable.
Generally, activating as a secondary will be the first thing that is done upon setting up a new cluster
for replication.
Hence, create a backup first if there is a slight chance that you would need this existing storage in the
After logging into the Vault UI, a user complains that they cannot enable Replication. Why would thereplication configuration be missing?
A. replication wasn't configured in the Vault configuration file B. replication hasn't been enabled C. Vault is running an open-source version D. replication configuration isn't available in the UI
Answer: C
Explanation:
Replication is not available in open-source versions of Vault. It is an enterprise feature.
Question # 19
In a Consul cluster, participating nodes can be only one of two types. Select the valid types. (selecttwo)
A. follower B. secondary C. active D. primary E. leader F. passive
Answer: A, E
Explanation:
Within each datacenter, we have a mixture of clients and servers. It is expected that there be
between three to five servers. This strikes a balance between availability in the case of failure and
performance, as consensus gets progressively slower as more machines are added. However, there is
no limit to the number of clients, and they can easily scale into the thousands or tens of thousands.
Server or Leader - It indicates whether the agent is running in server or client mode. Server nodes
participate in the consensus quorum, storing cluster state, and handling queries. At any given time,
the peer set elects a single node to be the leader. The leader is responsible for ingesting new log
entries, replicating to followers, and managing when an entry is considered committed.
Client or Follower - Client nodes make up the majority of the cluster, and they are very lightweight as
they interface with the server nodes for most operations and maintain a very little state of their own.
Which of the following is not an activity associated with the Vault transit secrets engine?
A. encrypt B. decrypt C. update D. rewrap
Answer: C
Explanation:
Since Vault does not store any data, hence Vault transit secrets engine does not support update
activity
Question # 22
What does the following API request return?1. $ curl \2. --header "X-Vault-Token: ..." \3. --request POST \4. --data @payload.json \5. http:/.0.0.1:8200/v1/sys/tools/random
A. a random string of 164 characters B. a random token valid for 164 uses C. None D. a secured secret based on 164 bytes of data
Answer: A
Explanation:
This endpoint returns high-quality random bytes of the specified length
Question # 23
You want to encrypt a credit card number using the transit secrets engine. You enter the following command and receive an error. What can you do to ensure that the credit card number is properlyencrypted and the ciphertext is returned?1. $ vault write -format=json transit/encrypt/creditcards plaintext="1234 5678 9101 1121"2. Error writing data to transit/encrypt/orders: Error making API request.3.4. URL: PUT http:/.25.16.165:8200/v1/transit/encrypt/creditcards5. Code: 400. Errors:6.7. * illegal base64 data at input byte 4
A. credit card numbers are not supported using the transit secrets engine since it is consideredsensitive data B. the token used to issue the encryption request does not have the appropriate permissions C. the plain text data needs to be encoded to base64 D. the credit card number should not include spaces
Answer: C
Explanation:
When you send data to Vault for encryption, it must be in the form of base64-encoded plaintext for
safe transport.
Question # 24
You've deployed Vault in your production environment and are curious to understand metrics on yourVault cluster, such as the number of writes to the backend, the status of WALs, and the seal status.What feature would you configure in order to view these metrics?
A. audit device B. telemetry C. nothing to configure, these are available in the Vault log found on the OS D. enable logs for each individual secrets engines
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Vault server process collects various runtime metrics about the performance of different libraries
and subsystems. These metrics are aggregated on a ten-second interval and are retained for one
minute. This telemetry information can be used for debugging or otherwise getting a better view of
what Vault is doing.
Telemetry information can be streamed directly from Vault to a range of metrics aggregation
solutions as described in the telemetry Stanza documentation.
