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HashiCorp TA-002-P Sample Question Answers
Question # 1
In the following code snippet, the block type is identified by which string?
A. "aws_instance" B. resource C. "db" D. instance_type
Answer: B
Question # 2
Which statements best describes what the local variable assignment is doing in thefollowing code snippet:
A. Create a distinct list of route table name objects B. Create a map of route table names to subnet names C. Create a map of route table names from a list of subnet names D. Create a list of route table names eliminating duplicates
Answer: D
Question # 3
While Terraform is generally written using the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL),what other syntax can Terraform are expressed in?
A. JSON B. YAML C. TypeScript D. XML
Answer: A
Explanation:
The constructs in the Terraform language can also be expressed in JSON syntax, which is
harder for humans to read and edit but easier to generate and parse programmatically.
Question # 4
Complete the following sentence:The terraform state command can be used to ____
A. modify state B. view state C. refresh state D. There is no such command
Which Terraform command will check and report errors within modules, attribute names,and value types to make sure they are syntactically valid and internally consistent?
A. terraform validate B. terraform format C. terraform fmt D. terraform show
Answer: A
Explanation:
The terraform validate command validates the configuration files in a directory, referring
only to the configuration and not accessing any remote services such as remote state,
provider APIs, etc.
Validate runs checks that verify whether a configuration is syntactically valid and internally
consistent, regardless of any provided variables or existing state. It is thus primarily useful
for general verification of reusable modules, including the correctness of attribute names
and value types.
It is safe to run this command automatically, for example as a post-save check in a text
editor or as a test step for a re-usable module in a CI system.
Question # 6
A user creates three workspaces from the command line - prod, dev, and test. Which of thefollowing commands will the user run to switch to the dev workspace?
A. terraform workspace dev B. terraform workspace select dev C. terraform workspace -switch dev D. terraform workspace switch dev
Answer: B
Explanation: Explanation
The terraform workspace select command is used to choose a different workspace to use
Given the below resource configuration -resource "aws_instance" "web" { # ... count = 4 }What does the terraform resource address aws_instance.web refer to?
A. It refers to all 4 web instances , together , for further individual segregation , indexing isrequired , with a 0 based index. B. It refers to the last web EC2 instance , as by default , if no index is provided , the last /N-1 index is used. C. It refers to the first web EC2 instance out of the 4 ,as by default , if no index is provided ,the first / 0th index is used. D. The above will result in a syntax error , as it is not syntactically correct . Resourcesdefined using count , can only be referenced using indexes.
Answer: A
Explanation:
A Resource Address is a string that references a specific resource in a larger infrastructure.
An address is made up of two parts:
[module path][resource spec]
Module path:
A module path addresses a module within the tree of modules. It takes the form:
module.A.module.B.module.C...
Multiple modules in a path indicate nesting. If a module path is specified without a resource
spec, the address applies to every resource within the module. If the module path is
omitted, this addresses the root module.
Given a Terraform config that includes:
resource "aws_instance" "web" {
# ...
count = 4
}
An address like this:
aws_instance.web[3]
Refers to only the last instance in the config, and an address like this:
A user has created a module called "my_test_module" and committed it to GitHub. Overtime, several commits have been made with updates to the module, each tagged in GitHubwith an incremental version number. Which of the following lines would be required in amodule configuration block in terraform to select tagged version v1.0.4?
A. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git@tag=v1.0.4" B. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git&ref=v1.0.4" C. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git#tag=v1.0.4" D. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git?ref=v1.0.4"
What are some of the features of Terraform state? (select three)
A. inspection of cloud resources B. determining the correct order to destroy resources C. mapping configuration to real-world resources D. increased performance
Answer: C,D
Question # 14
By default, where does Terraform store its state file?
A. Amazon S3 bucket B. shared directory C. remotely using Terraform Cloud D. current working directory
Answer: D
Explanation: Explanation
By default, the state file is stored in a local file named "terraform.tfstate", but it can also be
stored remotely, which works better in a team environment.
Question # 15
What is the result of the following terraform function call?
A "backend" in Terraform determines how state is loaded and how an operation such asapply is executed. Which of the following is not a supported backend type?
A. Terraform enterprise B. Consul C. Github D. S3 E. Artifactory
When writing Terraform code, HashiCorp recommends that you use how many spacesbetween each nesting level?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
Answer: C
Explanation: The Terraform parser allows you some flexibility in how you lay out the elements in your configuration files, but the Terraform language also has some idiomatic style conventions which we recommend users always follow for consistency between files and modules written by different teams. Automatic source code formatting tools may apply these conventions automatically. Indent two spaces for each nesting level. When multiple arguments with single-line values appear on consecutive lines at the same nesting level, align their equals signs: ami = "abc123" instance_type = "t2.micro" When both arguments and blocks appear together inside a block body, place all of the arguments together at the top and then place nested blocks below them. Use one blank line to separate the arguments from the blocks. Use empty lines to separate logical groups of arguments within a block. For blocks that contain both arguments and "meta-arguments" (as defined by the Terraform language semantics), list meta-arguments first and separate them from other arguments with one blank line. Place meta-argument blocks last and separate them from other blocks with one blank line. resource "aws_instance" "example" { count = 2 # meta-argument first ami = "abc123" instance_type = "t2.micro" network_interface { # ... } lifecycle { # meta-argument block last create_before_destroy = true } } Top-level blocks should always be separated from one another by one blank line. Nested blocks should also be separated by blank lines, except when grouping together related blocks of the same type (like multiple provisioner blocks in a resource). Avoid separating multiple blocks of the same type with other blocks of a different type, unless the block types are defined by semantics to form a family. (For example: root_block_device, ebs_block_device and ephemeral_block_device on aws_instance form a family of block types describing AWS block devices, and can therefore be grouped together and mixed.)
Question # 19
What is the best and easiest way for Terraform to read and write secrets from HashiCorpVault?
A. Vault provider B. API access using the AppRole auth method C. integration with a tool like Jenkins D. CLI access from the same machine running Terraform
Answer: A
Question # 20
Which one is the right way to import a local module names consul?
A. module "consul" { source = "consul"} B. module "consul" { source = "./consul"} C. module "consul" { source = "../consul"} D. module "consul" { source = "module/consul"}
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
A local path must begin with either ./ or ../ to indicate that a local path is intended, to
distinguish from a module registry address.
module "consul" {
source = "./consul"
}
Question # 21
A user runs terraform init on their RHEL based server and per the output, two providerplugins are downloaded: $ terraform initInitializing the backend...Initializing provider plugins...- Checking for available provider plugins...- Downloading plugin for provider "aws" (hashicorp/aws) 2.44.0...- Downloading plugin for provider "random" (hashicorp/random) 2.2.1...:Terraform has been successfully initialized! Where are these plugins downloaded to?
A. The .terraform.plugins directory in the directory terraform init was executed in. B. The .terraform/plugins directory in the directory terraform init was executed in. C. /etc/terraform/plugins D. The .terraform.d directory in the directory terraform init was executed in.
Answer: B
Question # 22
Terraform will sync all resources in state by default for every plan and apply, hence forlarger infrastructures this can slow down terraform plan and terraform apply commands?
A. False B. True
Answer: B
Explanation:
For small infrastructures, Terraform can query your providers and sync the latest attributes
from all your resources. This is the default behavior of Terraform: for every plan and apply,
Terraform will sync all resources in your state.
For larger infrastructures, querying every resource is too slow. Many cloud providers do not
provide APIs to query multiple resources at once, and the round trip time for each resource
is hundreds of milliseconds. On top of this, cloud providers almost always have API rate
limiting so Terraform can only request a certain number of resources in a period of time.
Larger users of Terraform make heavy use of the -refresh=false flag as well as the -target
flag in order to work around this. In these scenarios, the cached state is treated as the
During a terraform plan, a resource is successfully created but eventually fails duringprovisioning. What happens to the resource?
A. Terraform attempts to provision the resource up to three times before exiting with anerror B. the terraform plan is rolled back and all provisioned resources are removed C. it is automatically deleted D. the resource is marked as tainted
Answer: D
Explanation: Explanation
If a resource successfully creates but fails during provisioning, Terraform will error and
mark the resource as "tainted". A resource that is tainted has been physically created, but
can't be considered safe to use since provisioning failed. Terraform also does not
automatically roll back and destroy the resource during the apply when the failure happens,
because that would go against the execution plan: the execution plan would've said a
resource will be created, but does not say it will ever be deleted.
Question # 24
You have created a custom variable definition file my_vars.tfvars. How will you use it forprovisioning infrastructure?
A. terraform apply -var-state-file ="my_vars.tfvars" B. terraform apply var-file="my_vars.tfvars" C. terraform plan -var-file="my_vars.tfvar" D. terraform apply -var-file="my_vars.tfvars"
Answer: D
Explanation:
To set lots of variables, it is more convenient to specify their values in a variable definitions
file (with a filename ending in either .tfvars or .tfvars.json) and then specify that file on the
Your organization has moved to AWS and has manually deployed infrastructure using theconsole. Recently, a decision has been made to standardize on Terraform for alldeployments moving forward.
A. Submit a ticket to AWS and ask them to export the state of all existing resources anduse terraform import to import them into the state file. B. Delete the existing resources and recreate them using new a Terraform configuration soTerraform can manage them moving forward. C. Resources that are manually deployed in the AWS console cannot be imported byTerraform. D. Using terraform import, import the existing infrastructure into your Terraform state.
Answer: D
Explanation: Terraform is able to import existing infrastructure. This allows us take resources we've created by some other means (i.e. via console) and bring it under Terraform management. This is a great way to slowly transition infrastructure to Terraform. The terraform import command is used to import existing infrastructure. To import a resource, first write a resource block for it in our configuration, establishing the name by which it will be known to Terraform. Example: resource "aws_instance" "import_example" { # ...instance configuration... } Now terraform import can be run to attach an existing instance to this resource configuration. $ terraform import aws_instance.import_example i-03efafa258104165f aws_instance.import_example: Importing from ID "i-03efafa258104165f"... aws_instance.import_example: Import complete! Imported aws_instance (ID: i-03efafa258104165f) aws_instance.import_example: Refreshing state... (ID: i-03efafa258104165f) Import successful! The resources that were imported are shown above. These resources are now in your Terraform state and will henceforth be managed by Terraform. This command locates the AWS instance with ID i-03efafa258104165f (which has been created outside Terraform) and attaches its existing settings, as described by the EC2 API, to the name aws_instance.import_example in the Terraform state.
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