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Eccouncil 312-50v11 Sample Question Answers
Question # 1
Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, small sized packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect theattack signatures. Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?
A. tcpsplice B. Burp C. Hydra D. Whisker
Answer: D
Question # 2
An organization has automated the operation of critical infrastructure from a remote location. For this purpose, all the industrial control systems are connected to the Internet. To empower the manufacturing process, ensure the reliability of industrial networks, and reduce downtime and service disruption, the organization deckled to install an OT security tool that further protects against security incidents such as cyber espionage, zero-day attacks, and malware. Which of the following tools must the organization employ to protect its critical infrastructure?
A. Robotium B. BalenaCloud C. Flowmon D. IntentFuzzer
Answer: B
Question # 3
Which of the following program infects the system boot sector and the executable files at the same time?
A. Polymorphic virus B. Stealth virus C. Multipartite Virus D. Macro virus
Answer: C
Question # 4
Which of the following are well known password-cracking programs?
A. L0phtcrack B. NetCat C. Jack the Ripper D. Netbus E. John the Ripper
Answer: A,E
Question # 5
Which of the following tools performs comprehensive tests against web servers, including dangerous files and CGIs?
A. Nikto B. John the Ripper C. Dsniff D. Snort
Answer: A
Question # 6
You are logged in as a local admin on a Windows 7 system and you need to launch the Computer Management Console from command line.Which command would you use?
A. c:\compmgmt.msc B. c:\services.msc C. c:\ncpa.cp D. c:\gpedit
Answer: A
Explanation:
To start the Computer Management Console from command line just type compmgmt.msc /computer:computername in your run box or at the command line and it should automatically open the Computer Management console.
What would be the fastest way to perform content enumeration on a given web server by using the Gobuster tool?
A. Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and 10 threads B. Shipping SSL certificate verification C. Performing content enumeration using a wordlist D. Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and random file extensions
Answer: C
Question # 8
You are attempting to run an Nmap port scan on a web server. Which of the following commands would result in a scan of common ports with the least amount of noise in order to evade IDS?
A. nmap -A - Pn B. nmap -sP -p-65535 -T5 C. nmap -sT -O -T0 D. nmap -A --host-timeout 99 -T1
Answer: C
Question # 9
When conducting a penetration test, it is crucial to use all means to get all available information about the target network. One of the ways to do that is by sniffing the network.Which of the following cannot be performed by the passive network sniffing?
A. Identifying operating systems, services, protocols and devices B. Modifying and replaying captured network traffic C. Collecting unencrypted information about usernames and passwords D. Capturing a network traffic for further analysis
Answer: B
Question # 10
Which is the first step followed by Vulnerability Scanners for scanning a network?
A. OS Detection B. Firewall detection C. TCP/UDP Port scanning D. Checking if the remote host is alive
Answer: D
Question # 11
An attacker attaches a rogue router in a network. He wants to redirect traffic to a LAN attached to his router as part of a man-in-the-middle attack. What measure on behalf of the legitimate admin can mitigate this attack?
A. Make sure that legitimate network routers are configured to run routing protocols with authentication. B. Disable all routing protocols and only use static routes C. Only using OSPFv3 will mitigate this risk. D. Redirection of the traffic cannot happen unless the admin allows it explicitly.
Answer: A
Question # 12
Which file is a rich target to discover the structure of a website during web-server footprinting?
A. Document root B. Robots.txt C. domain.txt D. index.html
Answer: C
Explanation: File TXT records are a type of Domain Name System (DNS) record that contains text information for sources outside of your domain. You add these records to your domain settings. You can use TXT records for various purposes. Google uses them to verify domain ownership and to ensure email security. You verify your domain through your domain host (typically where you purchased your domain name). Your domain host maintains settings called DNS records that direct internet traffic to your domain name. For details, see Identify your domain host. Google gives you a TXT verification record to add to your domain host’s DNS records. When Google sees the record exists, your domain ownership is confirmed. The verification
record does not affect your website or email.
Question # 13
In the context of Windows Security, what is a 'null' user?
A. A user that has no skills B. An account that has been suspended by the admin C. A pseudo account that has no username and password D. A pseudo account that was created for security administration purpose
Answer: C
Question # 14
ping-* 6 192.168.0.101 Output: Pinging 192.168.0.101 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.0.101: Ping statistics for 192.168.0101 Packets: Sent = 6, Received = 6, Lost = 0 (0% loss). Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0msWhat does the option * indicate?
A. t B. s C. a D. n
Answer: D
Question # 15
This form of encryption algorithm is asymmetric key block cipher that is characterized by a 128-bit block size, and its key size can be up to 256 bits. Which among the following is thisencryption algorithm?
A. Twofish encryption algorithm B. HMAC encryption algorithm C. IDEA D. Blowfish encryption algorithm
Answer: A
Explanation: Twofish is an encryption algorithm designed by Bruce Schneier. It’s a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits, with keys up to 256 bits. it’s associated with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and an earlier block cipher called Blowfish. Twofish was actually a finalist to become the industry standard for encryption, but was ultimately beaten out by the present AES.Twofish has some distinctive features that set it aside from most other cryptographic protocols. For one, it uses pre-computed, keydependent S-boxes. An S-box ubstitution-box) may be a basic component of any symmetric key algorithm which performs substitution. within the context of Twofish’s block cipher, the S-box works to obscure the connection of the key to the ciphertext. Twofish ses a pre-computed, key-dependent S-box which suggests that the S-box is already provided, but depends on the cipher key to decrypt the knowledge . How Secure is Twofish?Twofish is seen as a really secure option as far as encryption protocols go. one among the explanations that it wasn’t selected because the advanced
encryption standard is thanks to its slower speed. Any encryption standard that uses a 128- bit or higher key, is theoretically safe from brute force attacks. Twofish is during this category.Because Twofish uses “pre-computed key-dependent S-boxes”, it are often susceptible to side channel attacks. this is often thanks to the tables being pre-computed. However, making these tables key-dependent helps mitigate that risk. There are a couple of attacks on Twofish, but consistent with its creator, Bruce Schneier, it didn’t constitute a real cryptanalysis. These attacks didn’t constitue a practical break within the cipher. Products That Use TwofishGnuPG: GnuPG may be a complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard as defined by RFC4880 (also referred to as PGP). GnuPG allows you to encrypt and sign your data and communications; it features a flexible key management system, along side access modules for all types of public key directories.KeePass: KeePass may be a password management tool that generates passwords with top-notch security. It’s a free, open source, lightweight and easy-to-use password manager with many extensions and plugins.Password Safe: Password Safe uses one master password to stay all of your passwords protected, almost like the functionality of most of the password managers on this list. It allows you to store all of your passwords during a single password database, or multiple databases for various purposes. Creating a database is straightforward , just create the database, set your master password.PGP (Pretty Good Privacy): PGP is employed mostly for email encryption, it encrypts the content of the e-mail . However, Pretty Good Privacy doesn’t encrypt the topic and sender of the email , so make certain to never put sensitive information in these fields when using PGP.TrueCrypt: TrueCrypt may be a software program that encrypts and protects files on your devices. With TrueCrypt the encryption is transparent to the user and is completed locally at the user’s computer. this suggests you’ll store a TrueCrypt file on a server and TrueCrypt will encrypt that file before it’s sent over the network.
Question # 16
in this form of encryption algorithm, every Individual block contains 64-bit data, and three keys are used, where each key consists of 56 bits. Which is this encryption algorithm?
A. IDEA B. Triple Data Encryption standard C. MDS encryption algorithm D. AES
Answer: B
Explanation:
Triple DES is another mode of DES operation. It takes three 64-bit keys, for an overall key length of 192 bits. In Stealth, you merely type within the entire 192-bit (24 character) key instead of entering each of the three keys individually. The Triple DES DLL then breaks the user-provided key into three subkeys, padding the keys if necessary in order that they are each 64 bits long. The procedure for encryption is strictly an equivalent as regular DES, but it’s repeated 3 times , hence the name Triple DES. the info is encrypted with the primary key, decrypted with the second key, and eventually encrypted again with the third key.Triple DES runs 3 times slower than DES, but is far safer if used properly. The procedure for decrypting something is that the same because the procedure for encryption, except it’s executed in reverse. Like DES, data is encrypted and decrypted in 64-bit chunks. Although the input key for DES is 64 bits long, the particular key employed by DES is merely 56 bits long . the smallest amount significant (right-most) bit in each byte may be a parity , and will be set in order that there are always an odd number of 1s in every byte. These parity bits are ignored, so only the seven most vital bits of every byte are used, leading to a key length of 56 bits. this suggests that the effective key strength for Triple DES is really 168 bits because each of the three keys contains 8 parity bits that aren’t used during the encryption process.Triple DES ModesTriple ECB (Electronic Code Book)• This variant of Triple DES works precisely the same way because the ECB mode of DES.• this is often the foremost commonly used mode of operation.Triple CBC (Cipher Block
Chaining)• This method is extremely almost like the quality DES CBC mode.• like Triple ECB, the effective key length is 168 bits and keys are utilized in an equivalent manner, as described above, but the chaining features of CBC mode also are employed.• the primary 64-bit key acts because the Initialization Vector to DES.• Triple ECB is then executed for one 64-bit block of plaintext.• The resulting ciphertext is then XORed with subsequent plaintext block to be encrypted, and therefore the procedure is repeated.• This method adds an additional layer of security to Triple DES and is therefore safer than Triple ECB, although it’s not used as widely as Triple ECB.
Question # 17
Abel, a security professional, conducts penetration testing in his client organization to check for any security loopholes. He launched an attack on the DHCP servers by broadcasting forged DHCP requests and leased all the DHCP addresses available in the DHCP scope until the server could not issue any more IP addresses. This led to a Dos attack, and as a result, legitimate employees were unable to access the clients network.Which of the following attacks did Abel perform in the above scenario?
A. VLAN hopping B. DHCP starvation C. Rogue DHCP server attack D. STP attack
Answer: B
Explanation: A DHCP starvation assault is a pernicious computerized assault that objectives DHCP workers. During a DHCP assault, an unfriendly entertainer floods a DHCP worker with false DISCOVER bundles until the DHCP worker debilitates its stock of IP addresses. When that occurs, the aggressor can deny genuine organization clients administration, or even stock an other DHCP association that prompts a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) assault. In a DHCP Starvation assault, a threatening entertainer sends a huge load of false DISCOVER parcels until the DHCP worker thinks they’ve used their accessible pool. Customers searching for IP tends to find that there are no IP addresses for them, and they’re refused assistance. Furthermore, they may search for an alternate DHCP worker, one which the unfriendly entertainer may give. What’s more, utilizing a threatening or sham IP address, that unfriendly entertainer would now be able to peruse all the traffic that customer sends and gets. In an unfriendly climate, where we have a malevolent machine running some sort of an instrument like Yersinia, there could be a machine that sends DHCP DISCOVER bundles. This malevolent customer doesn’t send a modest bunch – it sends a great many vindictive DISCOVER bundles utilizing sham, made-up MAC addresses as the source MAC address for each solicitation. In the event that the DHCP worker reacts to every one of these false DHCP DISCOVER parcels, the whole IP address pool could be exhausted, and that DHCP worker could trust it has no more IP delivers to bring to the table to legitimate DHCP demands. When a DHCP worker has no more IP delivers to bring to the table, ordinarily the following thing to happen would be for the aggressor to get their own DHCP worker. This maverick DHCP worker at that point starts giving out IP addresses. The advantage of that to the assailant is that if a false DHCP worker is distributing IP addresses, including default DNS and door data, customers who utilize those IP delivers and begin to utilize that default passage would now be able to be directed through the aggressor’s machine. That is all that an unfriendly entertainer requires to play out a man-inthe-center (MITM) assault.
Question # 18
Identify the UDP port that Network Time Protocol (NTP) uses as its primary means of communication?
A. 113 B. 69 C. 123 D. 161
Answer: C
Question # 19
John, a professional hacker, performs a network attack on a renowned organization and gains unauthorized access to the target network. He remains in the network without being detected for a long time and obtains sensitive information without sabotaging the organization. Which of the following attack techniques is used by John?
A. Advanced persistent B. threat Diversion theft C. Spear-phishing sites D. insider threat
Answer: A
Explanation: An advanced persistent threat (APT) may be a broad term wont to describe AN attack campaign within which an intruder, or team of intruders, establishes a bootleg, long presence on a network so as to mine sensitive knowledge. The targets of those assaults, that square measure terribly fastidiously chosen and researched, usually embrace massive enterprises or governmental networks. the implications of such intrusions square measure huge, and include: Intellectual property thieving (e.g., trade secrets or patents) Compromised sensitive info (e.g., worker and user personal data) The sabotaging of essential structure infrastructures (e.g., information deletion) Total website takeovers Executing an APT assault needs additional resources than a regular internet application attack. The perpetrators square measure typically groups of intimate cybercriminals having substantial resource. Some APT attacks square measure government-funded and used as cyber warfare weapons. APT attacks dissent from ancient internet application threats, in that: They’re considerably additional advanced.
They’re not hit and run attacks—once a network is infiltrated, the culprit remains so as to realize the maximum amount info as potential. They’re manually dead (not automated) against a selected mark and indiscriminately launched against an outsized pool of targets. They typically aim to infiltrate a complete network, as opposition one specific half. More common attacks, like remote file inclusion (RFI), SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS), square measure oftentimes employed by perpetrators to ascertain a footing in a very targeted network. Next, Trojans and backdoor shells square measure typically wont to expand that foothold and make a persistent presence inside the targeted perimeter.
Question # 20
Sam is a penetration tester hired by Inception Tech, a security organization. He was asked to perform port scanning on a target host in the network. While performing the given task,Sam sends FIN/ACK probes and determines that an RST packet is sent in response by the target host, indicating that the port is closed.What is the port scanning technique used by Sam to discover open ports?
A. Xmas scan B. IDLE/IPID header scan C. TCP Maimon scan D. ACK flag probe scan
Answer: D
Question # 21
Which of the following DoS tools is used to attack target web applications by starvation of available sessions on the web server?The tool keeps sessions at halt using never-ending POST transmissions and sending an arbitrarily large content-length header value.
A. My Doom B. Astacheldraht C. R-U-Dead-Yet?(RUDY) D. LOIC
Answer: C
Question # 22
Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network.What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer?
A. Use the built-in Windows Update tool B. Use a scan tool like Nessus C. Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings D. Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation
Answer: B
Question # 23
SQL injection (SQLi) attacks attempt to inject SQL syntax into web requests, which may Bypass authentication and allow attackers to access and/or modify data attached to a web application.Which of the following SQLI types leverages a database server's ability to make DNS requests to pass data to an attacker?
A. Union-based SQLI B. Out-of-band SQLI C. ln-band SQLI D. Time-based blind SQLI
Answer: B
Explanation: Out-of-band SQL injection occurs when an attacker is unable to use an equivalent channel to launch the attack and gather results. … Out-of-band SQLi techniques would believe the database server’s ability to form DNS or HTTP requests to deliver data to an attacker. Out-of-band SQL injection is not very common, mostly because it depends on features being enabled on the database server being used by the web application. Out-ofband SQL injection occurs when an attacker is unable to use the same channel to launch the attack and gather results. Out-of-band techniques, offer an attacker an alternative to inferential time-based techniques, especially if the server responses are not very stable (making an inferential
time-based attack unreliable). Out-of-band SQLi techniques would rely on the database server’s ability to make DNS or HTTP requests to deliver data to an attacker. Such is the case with Microsoft SQL Server’s xp_dirtree command, which can be used to make DNS requests to a server an attacker controls; as well as Oracle Database’s UTL_HTTP package, which can be used to send HTTP requests from SQL and PL/SQL to a server an attacker controls.
Question # 24
Shellshock allowed an unauthorized user to gain access to a server. It affected many Internet-facing services, which OS did it not directly affect?
A. Linux B. Unix C. OS X D. Windows
Answer: D
Question # 25
Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN?
A. ESP transport mode B. ESP confidential C. AH permiscuous D. AH Tunnel mode
Answer: A
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