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Eccouncil 312-50 Sample Question Answers
Question # 1
Which tool/utility can help you extract the application layer data from each TCP connectionfrom a log file into separate files?
A. Snort B. argus C. TCPflow D. Tcpdump
Answer: C
Explanation: Tcpflow is a program that captures data transmitted as part of TCP connections
(flows), and stores the data in a way that is convenient for protocol analysis or debugging. A
program like 'tcpdump' shows a summary of packets seen on the wire, but usually doesn't store
the data that's actually being transmitted. In contrast, tcpflow reconstructs the actual data streams
and stores each flow in a separate file for later analysis.
Question # 2
Bob wants to prevent attackers from sniffing his passwords on the wired network. Which ofthe following lists the best options?
A. RSA, LSA, POP B. SSID, WEP, Kerberos C. SMB, SMTP, Smart card D. Kerberos, Smart card, Stanford SRP
Answer: D
Explanation: Kerberos, Smart cards and Stanford SRP are techniques where the password never
leaves the computer
Question # 3
The follows is an email header. What address is that of the true originator of the message?Return-Path: <[email protected]>Received: from smtp.com (fw.emumail.com [215.52.220.122].by raq-221-181.ev1.net (8.10.2/8.10.2. with ESMTP id h78NIn404807for <[email protected]>; Sat, 9 Aug 2003 18:18:50 -0500Received: (qmail 12685 invoked from network.; 8 Aug 2003 23:25:25 -0000Received: from ([19.25.19.10]. by smtp.com with SMTP Received: from unknown (HELO CHRISLAPTOP. (168.150.84.123.by localhost with SMTP; 8 Aug 2003 23:25:01 -0000From: "Bill Gates" <[email protected]>To: "mikeg" <[email protected]>Subject: We need your help!Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2003 19:12:28 -0400Message-ID: <51.32.123.21@CHRISLAPTOP>MIME-Version: 1.0Content-Type: multipart/mixed;boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0052_01C35DE1.03202950"X-Priority: 3 (Normal.X-MSMail-Priority: NormalX-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1165Importance: Normal
A. 19.25.19.10 B. 51.32.123.21 C. 168.150.84.123 D. 215.52.220.122 E. 8.10.2/8.10.2
Answer: C
Explanation: Spoofing can be easily achieved by manipulating the "from" name field, however, it
is much more difficult to hide the true source address. The "received from" IP address
168.150.84.123 is the true source of the
Question # 4
Ethereal works best on ____________.
A. Switched networks B. Linux platforms C. Networks using hubs D. Windows platforms E. LAN's
Answer: C
Explanation: Ethereal is used for sniffing traffic. It will return the best results when used on an
unswitched (i.e. hub. network.
Question # 5
Samantha was hired to perform an internal security test of company. She quickly realizedthat all networks are making use of switches instead of traditional hubs. This greatly limitsher ability to gather information through network sniffing.Which of the following techniques can she use to gather information from the switchednetwork or to disable some of the traffic isolation features of the switch? (Choose two)
A. Ethernet Zapping B. MAC Flooding C. Sniffing in promiscuous mode D. ARP Spoofing
Answer: B,D
Explanation: In a typical MAC flooding attack, a switch is flooded with packets, each containing
different source MAC addresses. The intention is to consume the limited memory set aside in the
switch to store the MAC address-to-physical port translation table.The result of this attack causes
the switch to enter a state called failopen mode, in which all incoming packets are broadcast out
on all ports (as with a hub), instead of just down the correct port as per normal operation. The
principle of ARP spoofing is to send fake, or 'spoofed', ARP messages to an Ethernet LAN. These
frames contain false MAC addresses, confusing network devices, such as network switches. As a
result frames intended for one machine can be mistakenly sent to another (allowing the packets to
be sniffed) or an unreachable host (a denial of service attack).
Question # 6
A POP3 client contacts the POP3 server:
A. To send mail B. To receive mail C. to send and receive mail D. to get the address to send mail to E. initiate a UDP SMTP connection to read mail
Answer: B
Explanation: POP is used to receive e-mail.SMTP is used to send e-mail.
Question # 7
A remote user tries to login to a secure network using Telnet, but accidently types in an invaliduser name or password. Which responses would NOT be preferred by an experienced SecurityManager? (multiple answer)
A. Invalid Username B. Invalid Password C. Authentication Failure D. Login Attempt Failed E. Access Denied
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
As little information as possible should be given about a failed login attempt. Invalid username or
password is not desirable.
Question # 8
ettercap –NCLzs --quietWhat does the command in the exhibit do in “Ettercap”?
A. This command will provide you the entire list of hosts in the LAN B. This command will check if someone is poisoning you and will report its IP. C. This command will detach from console and log all the collected passwords from the network toa file. D. This command broadcasts ping to scan the LAN instead of ARP request of all the subnet IPs.
Answer: C
Explanation:
-N = NON interactive mode (without ncurses)
-C = collect all users and passwords
-L = if used with -C (collector) it creates a file with all the password sniffed in the session in the
form "YYYYMMDD-collected-pass.log"
-z = start in silent mode (no arp storm on start up)
-s = IP BASED sniffing
--quiet = "demonize" ettercap. Useful if you want to log all data in background.
Question # 9
You are writing an antivirus bypassing Trojan using C++ code wrapped into chess.c tocreate an executable file chess.exe. This Trojan when executed on the victim machine,scans the entire system (c:\) for data with the following text “Credit Card” and “password”.It then zips all the scanned files and sends an email to a predefined hotmail address.You want to make this Trojan persistent so that it survives computer reboots. Whichregistry entry will you add a key to make it persistent?
A. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\MICROOSFT\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices B. HKEY_LOCAL_USER\SOFTWARE\MICROOSFT\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices C. HKEY_LOCAL_SYSTEM\SOFTWARE\MICROOSFT\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices D. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\MICROOSFT\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices
Answer: A
Explanation: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE would be the natural place for a registry entry that starts
services when the MACHINE is rebooted.
Question # 10
John wants to try a new hacking tool on his Linux System. As the application comes from asite in his untrusted zone, John wants to ensure that the downloaded tool has not beenTrojaned. Which of the following options would indicate the best course of action for John?
A. Obtain the application via SSL B. Obtain the application from a CD-ROM disc C. Compare the files’ MD5 signature with the one published on the distribution media D. Compare the file’s virus signature with the one published on the distribution media
Answer: C
Explanation: In essence, MD5 is a way to verify data integrity, and is much more reliable than
checksum and many other commonly used methods.
Question # 11
Spears Technology, Inc is a software development company located in Los Angeles,California. They reported a breach in security, stating that its “security defenses has beenbreached and exploited for 2 weeks by hackers. “The hackers had accessed anddownloaded 90,000 address containing customer credit cards and password. SpearsTechnology found this attack to be so to law enforcement officials to protect theirintellectual property.How did this attack occur? The intruder entered through an employees home machine,which was connected to Spears Technology, Inc’s corporate VPN network. The applicationcalled BEAST Trojan was used in the attack to open a “Back Door” allowing the hackersundetected access. The security breach was discovered when customers complainedabout the usage of their credit cards without their knowledge.The hackers were traced back to Beijing China through e-mail address evidence. The creditcard information was sent to that same e-mail address. The passwords allowed the hackersto access Spears Technology’s network from a remote location, posing as employees. Theintent of the attacker was to steal the source code for their VOIP system and “hold ithostage” from Spears Technology, Inc exchange for ransom.The hackers had intended on selling the stolen VOIP software source code to competitors.How would you prevent such attacks from occurring in the future at Spears Technology?
A. Disable VPN access to all your employees from home machines B. Allow VPN access but replace the standard authentication with biometric authentication C. Replace the VPN access with dial-up modem access to the company’s network D. Enable 25 character complex password policy for employees to access the VPN network.
Answer: A
Explanation: As long as there is a way in for employees through all security measures you can’t
be secure because you never know what computer the employees use to access recourses at
their workplace
Question # 12
Which definition below best describes a covert channel?
A. Making use of a Protocol in a way it was not intended to be used B. It is the multiplexing taking place on communication link C. It is one of the weak channels used by WEP that makes it insecure D. A Server Program using a port that is not well known
Answer: A
Explanation: A covert channel is a hidden communication channel not intended for information
transfer at all. Redundancy can often be used to communicate in a covert way. There are several
ways that hidden communication can be set up
Question # 13
Erik notices a big increase in UDP packets sent to port 1026 and 1027 occasionally. Heenters the following at the command prompt. $ nc -l -p 1026 -u -v In response, he sees the following message. cell(?(c)????STOPALERT77STOP! WINDOWS REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION. Windows has found 47 Critical Errors. To fix the errors please do the following: 1. Download Registry Repair from: www.reg-patch.com 2. Install Registry Repair 3. Run Registry Repair 4. Reboot your computer FAILURE TO ACT NOW MAY LEAD TO DATA LOSS AND CORRUPTION! What would you infer from this alert?
A. The machine is redirecting traffic to www.reg-patch.com using adware B. It is a genuine fault of windows registry and the registry needs to be backed up C. An attacker has compromised the machine and backdoored ports 1026 and 1027 D. It is a messenger spam. Windows creates a listener on one of the low dynamic ports from 1026
to 1029 and the message usually promotes malware disguised as legitimate utilities
Answer: D
Explanation: The "net send" Messenger service can be used by unauthorized users of your
computer, without gaining any kind of privileged access, to cause a pop-up window to appear on
your computer. Lately, this feature has been used by unsolicited commercial advertisers to inform
many campus users about a "university diploma service"...
Question # 14
A file integrity program such as Tripwire protects against Trojan horse attacks by:
A. Automatically deleting Trojan horse programs B. Rejecting packets generated by Trojan horse programs C. Using programming hooks to inform the kernel of Trojan horse behavior D. Helping you catch unexpected changes to a system utility file that might indicate it had beenreplaced by a Trojan horse
Answer: D
Explanation: Tripwire generates a database of the most common files and directories on your
system. Once it is generated, you can then check the current state of your system against the
original database and get a report of all the files that have been modified, deleted or added. This
comes in handy if you allow other people access to your machine and even if you don't, if
someone else does get access, you'll know if they tried to modify files such as /bin/login etc.
Question # 15
Sniffing is considered an active attack.
A. True B. False
Answer: B
Explanation: Sniffing is considered a passive attack.
Question # 16
Which of the following Netcat commands would be used to perform a UDP scan of thelower 1024 ports?
A. Netcat -h -U B. Netcat -hU <host(s.> C. Netcat -sU -p 1-1024 <host(s.> D. Netcat -u -v -w2 <host> 1-1024 E. Netcat -sS -O target/1024
Answer: D
Explanation: The proper syntax for a UDP scan using Netcat is "Netcat -u -v -w2 <host> 1-1024".
Netcat is considered the Swiss-army knife of hacking tools because it is so versatile.
Question # 17
Exhibit: * Missing*Jason's Web server was attacked by a trojan virus. He runs protocol analyzer and notices that the trojan communicates to a remote server on the Internet. Shown below is thestandard "hexdump" representation of the network packet, before being decoded. Jasonwants to identify the trojan by looking at the destination port number and mapping to atrojan-port number database on the Internet. Identify the remote server's port number bydecoding the packet?
A. Port 1890 (Net-Devil Trojan) B. Port 1786 (Net-Devil Trojan) C. Port 1909 (Net-Devil Trojan) D. Port 6667 (Net-Devil Trojan)
Answer: D
Explanation: From trace, 0x1A0B is 6667, IRC Relay Chat, which is one port used. Other ports
are in the 900's.
Question # 18
John wishes to install a new application onto his Windows 2000 server.He wants to ensure that any application he uses has not been Trojaned.What can he do to help ensure this?
A. Compare the file's MD5 signature with the one published on the distribution media B. Obtain the application via SSL C. Compare the file's virus signature with the one published on the distribution media D. Obtain the application from a CD-ROM disc
Answer: A
Explanation: MD5 was developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest of MIT. What it does, to quote
the executive summary of rfc1321, is:
[The MD5 algorithm] takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces as output a 128-
bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input. It is conjectured that it is computationally
infeasible to produce two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any message
having a given prespecified target message digest. The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital
signature applications, where a large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being
encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem such as RSA.
In essence, MD5 is a way to verify data integrity, and is much more reliable than checksum and
many other commonly used methods
Question # 19
In Linux, the three most common commands that hackers usually attempt to Trojan are:
A. car, xterm, grep B. netstat, ps, top C. vmware, sed, less D. xterm, ps, nc
Answer: B
Explanation:
The easiest programs to trojan and the smartest ones to trojan are ones commonly run by
administrators and users, in this case netstat, ps, and top, for a complete list of commonly trojaned
You suspect that your Windows machine has been compromised with a Trojan virus. Whenyou run anti-virus software it does not pick of the Trojan. Next you run netstat command tolook for open ports and you notice a strange port 6666 open.What is the next step you would do?
A. Re-install the operating system. B. Re-run anti-virus software. C. Install and run Trojan removal software. D. Run utility fport and look for the application executable that listens on port 6666.
Answer: D
Explanation: Fport reports all open TCP/IP and UDP ports and maps them to the owning
application. This is the same information you would see using the 'netstat -an' command, but it
also maps those ports to running processes with the PID, process name and path. Fport can be
used to quickly identify unknown open ports and their associated applications.
Question # 21
You have hidden a Trojan file virus.exe inside another file readme.txt using NTFSstreaming.Which command would you execute to extract the Trojan to a standalone file?
A. c:\> type readme.txt:virus.exe > virus.exe B. c:\> more readme.txt | virus.exe > virus.exe C. c:\> cat readme.txt:virus.exe > virus.exe D. c:\> list redme.txt$virus.exe > virus.exe
Answer: C
Explanation: cat will concatenate, or write, the alternate data stream to its own file named
virus.exe
Question # 22
Which of the following statements would not be a proper definition for a Trojan Horse?
A. An unauthorized program contained within a legitimate program. This unauthorized program performs functions unknown (and probably unwanted) by the user B. A legitimate program that has been altered by the placement of unauthorized code within it; thiscode perform functions unknown (and probably unwanted) by the user C. An authorized program that has been designed to capture keyboard keystrokes while the userremains unaware of such an activity being performed. D. Any program that appears to perform a desirable and necessary function but that (because ofunauthorized code within it that is unknown to the user) performs functions unknown (anddefinitely unwanted) by the user.
Answer: C
Explanation: A Trojan is all about running unauthorized code on the users computer without the
user knowing of it.
Question # 23
After an attacker has successfully compromised a remote computer, what would be one ofthe last steps that would be taken to ensure that the compromise is not traced back to thesource of the problem?
A. Install pactehs B. Setup a backdoor C. Cover your tracks D. Install a zombie for DDOS
Answer: C
Explanation: As a hacker you don’t want to leave any traces that could lead back to you.
Question # 24
In the context of Trojans, what is the definition of a Wrapper?
A. An encryption tool to protect the Trojan. B. A tool used to bind the Trojan with legitimate file. C. A tool used to encapsulated packets within a new header and footer. D. A tool used to calculate bandwidth and CPU cycles wasted by the Trojan.
Answer: B
Explanation: These wrappers allow an attacker to take any executable back-door program and
combine it with any legitimate executable, creating a Trojan horse without writing a single line of
new code.
Question # 25
You want to use netcat to generate huge amount of useless network data continuously forvarious performance testing between 2 hosts.Which of the following commands accomplish this?
A. Machine A #yes AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA | nc –v –v –l –p 2222 > /dev/null Machine B #yes BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB | nc machinea 2222 > /dev/null B. Machine A cat somefile | nc –v –v –l –p 2222 Machine B cat somefile | nc othermachine 2222 C. Machine A nc –l –p 1234 | uncompress –c | tar xvfp Machine B tar cfp - /some/dir | compress –c | nc –w 3 machinea 1234 D. Machine A while true : do nc –v –l –s –p 6000 machineb 2 Machine B while true ; do nc –v –l –s –p 6000 machinea 2 done
Answer: A
Explanation:
Machine A is setting up a listener on port 2222 using the nc command and then having the letter A
sent an infinite amount of times, when yes is used to send data yes NEVER stops until it recieves a break signal from the terminal (Control+C), on the client end (machine B), nc is being used as a
client to connect to machine A, sending the letter B and infinite amount of times, while both clients
have established a TCP connection each client is infinitely sending data to each other, this
process will run FOREVER until it has been stopped by an administrator or the attacker.
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